The pair of cymbals on a drum set is far more than a crashing accessory—it is a central instrument of control, timekeeping, and expression. For drummers, both new and experienced, understanding the specific role of this cymbal duo—typically known as hi-hats—is essential for unlocking the full potential of the drum kit. Though often overlooked by audiences and sometimes underestimated by casual players, the hi-hat’s complexity, musical versatility, and mechanical design make it one of the most important elements of modern drumming – Pair of Cymbals On a Drum Set.
In this article, we will explore the role, design, history, playing techniques, and variations of the pair of cymbals on a drum set, with a specific focus on the hi-hat, and how its unique properties shape music across genres. Whether you are assembling your first kit, upgrading a professional setup, or simply a curious listener, this deep dive will give you a clearer picture of how the simplest-looking part of a drum kit carries some of its deepest sonic power.
What Is the Pair of Cymbals on a Drum Set?
The term “pair of cymbals” in the context of a drum set most commonly refers to the hi-hats: two cymbals mounted on a stand, one atop the other, operated by both foot pedal and stick.
These cymbals open and close with the press of a foot pedal, allowing the drummer to play them in multiple ways:
- Closed (tight together)
- Open (apart)
- Half-open
- Struck with stick
- Played with foot alone
Their adaptability gives the hi-hat a unique place on the drum set, offering both rhythmic foundation and creative flexibility.
Why the Hi-Hat Matters More Than You Think
While crash and ride cymbals often take the spotlight for their explosive and sweeping sounds, the hi-hat is the workhorse of the kit. It is the cymbal pair most frequently played in modern drumming, especially in pop, rock, jazz, hip-hop, funk, and even metal. Its ability to maintain time, create groove, and offer dynamic contrast makes it indispensable.
In practical terms, the hi-hat:
- Keeps tempo with consistent ticks or patterns
- Supports transitions in verses and choruses
- Adds musical punctuation through open accents
- Provides textural variety in soft or loud sections
No matter the genre, if there is a drum set involved, the hi-hat is likely carrying a major share of the rhythm’s weight.
Anatomy of the Hi-Hat
Understanding the hi-hat as a pair of cymbals involves knowing both its components and how they function together. Below is a breakdown of what makes up this deceptively simple part of the drum kit:
| Component | Description |
|---|---|
| Top Cymbal (Hi-Hat Top) | The cymbal struck most often; thinner for quicker response |
| Bottom Cymbal (Hi-Hat Bottom) | Usually heavier; provides stability and tone foundation |
| Hi-Hat Clutch | Mechanism that attaches top cymbal to the rod and moves it when foot is pressed |
| Pull Rod | Vertical rod connected to the foot pedal, moves the top cymbal up and down |
| Hi-Hat Stand | Stand that supports the system; contains pedal and rod mechanisms |
| Tilter & Adjustments | Angle settings to fine-tune separation, angle, and bounce |
The Mechanics of Motion
The brilliance of the hi-hat lies in its dual control. Unlike crash or ride cymbals, which are hit only with sticks, the hi-hats can be operated with foot pressure alone, which gives the drummer a second line of rhythmic conversation.
For example, drummers can:
- Keep time using just the foot (known as “chick” sounds)
- Play eighth or sixteenth notes with sticks while adding subtle foot opens
- Add emphasis by opening slightly during accent beats
- Use splashes—quick open-and-close foot hits—for sharp accents
This type of mechanical expressiveness turns the hi-hat into a rhythmic and melodic instrument in its own right.
Historical Evolution: From Sock Cymbals to Modern Hi-Hats
The “pair of cymbals” on a drum set wasn’t always as sophisticated as it is today. In fact, its evolution mirrors the development of modern drum kits in the 20th century.
A Timeline:
- 1920s: Drummers use “low-boy” cymbals (a foot-operated pair mounted just a few inches off the ground).
- 1930s: Innovation leads to raising the cymbals to waist height—allowing both foot and stick play. This becomes the modern hi-hat.
- 1950s–70s: Jazz and rock drummers explore hi-hat as an expressive instrument.
- 1980s onward: Hi-hats become customizable—sizes, weights, edges, and materials all play a role in sound design.
In essence, what started as a foot timekeeper has become a centerpiece of modern drumming innovation.
Hi-Hat Sizes and Sound Variations
Not all pairs of cymbals are created equal. The typical hi-hat size is 14 inches, but depending on the genre and desired tone, drummers might choose smaller or larger sizes.
| Size (inches) | Sound Characteristics | Used In |
|---|---|---|
| 10–12 | Tight, high-pitched, fast decay | Electronic, experimental, hybrid kits |
| 13 | Crisp, bright, defined | Pop, fusion |
| 14 | Balanced tone, standard feel | Rock, jazz, general purpose |
| 15–16 | Darker, heavier, slower response | Rock, funk, metal |
In addition to size, the weight of the cymbals, lathed patterns, hammering, and edge shape (e.g., wavy “Sound Edge” designs) all affect tone, responsiveness, and articulation.
Playing Techniques and Patterns
The richness of the hi-hat comes from how it is played. A pair of cymbals can produce vastly different sounds depending on stick placement, pedal pressure, and timing.
Common Techniques:
- Closed Stick Playing: Playing with cymbals tightly pressed together—creates a crisp “tick.”
- Open-Closed Combination: Alternating between open swells and closed hits for dynamic accents.
- Foot Chicks: Using foot pressure to create a sharp “chick” sound—great for syncopation.
- Foot Splashes: Brief foot taps that cause a quick opening and closing—adds flair.
- Pedal-Only Playing: In quieter sections or jazz, the hi-hat may be played solely with the foot.
Essential Patterns:
- Eighth Notes: Straight, consistent hits (e.g., 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 &), foundational to rock and pop.
- Offbeat Accents: Adding openings on the “&” of beats for groove.
- Swing Patterns: Used in jazz, creating a triplet feel.
- Polyrhythmic Play: Varying foot patterns against hand rhythms to create layered effects.
Hi-Hats Across Genres
While the mechanics remain the same, the role of the hi-hat changes drastically depending on the musical context.
| Genre | Hi-Hat Role |
|---|---|
| Rock | Keeps tight time, adds punch through open accents |
| Jazz | Subtle footwork and swing rhythms essential; often replaces ride in soft passages |
| Funk | Highly articulated 16th note playing; central to groove |
| Hip-Hop | Sampled or acoustic hi-hats drive rhythm; sometimes trap-style rapid rolls |
| Metal | Used for aggression, half-open slams, or fast patterns in breakdowns |
| Pop | Versatile; blends into the mix while maintaining rhythm and energy |
Each genre demands a slightly different hi-hat touch. A jazz drummer might use the foot for quiet swing patterns, while a metal drummer might lean on tightly closed stick hits for sharp precision.
Tuning, Maintenance, and Positioning
Even though hi-hats can’t be “tuned” in the traditional sense like drums, their angle, clutch tightness, and pedal tension can all be adjusted to suit a player’s preferences.
Key Setup Considerations:
- Height: Typically set just above the snare drum height.
- Angle: Some drummers tilt the top cymbal slightly to allow better contact.
- Clutch Tightness: Determines how tightly the top cymbal is held—affects rebound and openness.
- Pedal Tension: Adjustable for faster or slower foot response.
Regular cleaning, checking for keyholing (cracks near the mounting hole), and inspecting clutch threads are part of hi-hat maintenance—critical for keeping this pair of cymbals responsive and reliable.
Innovations in Hi-Hat Technology
Modern hi-hats have evolved far beyond their acoustic origins. Today’s options include:
- Electronic Hi-Hats: Found in e-drum kits, offering programmable and pressure-sensitive features.
- Hybrid Setups: Combining electronic pads and acoustic hats.
- Remote Hi-Hats: Allowing placement anywhere on the kit via cable.
- X-Hats: Fixed closed hats placed on the opposite side of the kit for alternate sounds.
Brands like Zildjian, Sabian, Meinl, and Paiste now offer signature hi-hats crafted for specific drummers, genres, or tonal profiles.
The Emotional Voice of the Drummer
Beyond function and mechanics, the pair of cymbals on a drum set carries emotional and expressive weight. A subtle half-open hi-hat can create tension; a sudden splash can release it. In ballads, soft foot chicks become whispers. In punk, rapid 16ths scream defiance.
For listeners, they may barely register. For drummers, they’re everything.
In live performance and studio recording, the hi-hat is often the most mic’d cymbal after the snare. Producers use it to anchor the groove, while artists rely on it to shape the mood.
Conclusion: The Small Pair with a Big Voice
In a drum kit filled with toms, snares, and booming bass drums, it’s easy to underestimate the importance of the modest pair of cymbals known as the hi-hats. But their role is foundational, dynamic, and incredibly rich.
Understanding the design, mechanics, techniques, and history of the hi-hat turns an everyday object into a masterful tool. It gives the drummer control not just of time, but of tone, intensity, and emotion.
So the next time you listen to a favorite song, focus on the subtle ticks, sloshes, and clicks floating under the melody. That’s the hi-hat—small in size, infinite in sound.
FAQs
1. What is the pair of cymbals on a drum set called?
The pair of cymbals on a drum set is called the hi-hat. It consists of two cymbals—one on top and one on the bottom—mounted on a stand with a foot pedal that allows the drummer to open and close them for varied sound.
2. What is the main purpose of hi-hats in drumming?
Hi-hats are primarily used for keeping time, creating rhythmic patterns, and adding texture to the music. They can be played closed, open, half-open, or with foot-only techniques, giving drummers a wide range of expressive control.
3. What sizes are most common for hi-hat cymbals?
The most common size for hi-hat cymbals is 14 inches, but sizes can range from 10 to 16 inches depending on the genre and desired sound. Smaller sizes produce a tighter, crisper tone, while larger sizes offer darker, fuller sounds.
4. Can you play the hi-hats without using drumsticks?
Yes. Hi-hats can be played using just the foot pedal, producing a “chick” sound when closed or a “splash” when opened and closed quickly. This technique is often used in jazz, funk, or quieter music passages.
5. How do I maintain and adjust my hi-hat cymbals?
To maintain hi-hats, clean them regularly, check for cracks, and ensure the clutch and pedal mechanisms are tight and responsive. Adjustments include changing the angle of the top cymbal, pedal tension, and clutch height to suit your playing style.